It is used by some of the built-in Tag Libraries. For example, the createLink tag has an absolute attribute that can be set:
absolute (optional) - If set to "true"
will prefix the link target address
with the value of the grails.serverURL
property from Config, or
http://localhost: if no value in
Config and not running in production.
Same attribute is used for the link and createLinkTo tags and there might be a few more.
So if you don't change the serverURL in your example, any links you create using the built-in tags specifying absolute=true will probably fail. For example, the following would resolve to http://www.changeme.com/{context}/book
<g:link controller="book" absolute="true">Book Home</g:link>