Value of TargetType change to TextBlock only. It should work.
<Style TargetType="TextBlock">
<Setter Property="Margin" Value="10, 10, 10, 10" />
</Style>
Optionally, give it x:Key and the value of this attribute use in your TextBlock as StaticResource.
<Style x:Key="someStyleName" TargetType="TextBlock">
<Setter Property="Margin" Value="10, 10, 10, 10" />
</Style>
...
<TextBlock x:Name="myTextBlock" Text="Silverlight" Style="{StaticResource someStyleName}"/>