WCF: What is a ServiceHost ?

Question

As I'm currently learning to use WCF Services, I am constantly encountering tutorials on the internet which mention using a ServiceHost when using a WCF Service.

What exactly is this ServiceHost ?

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In my current project I am using a WCF Service and having a reference to it from my app and whenever I want to consume it from my app I just instantiate its ServiceClient like such:

new MusicRepo_DBAccess_ServiceClient(new InstanceContext(instanceContext), customBinding, endpointAddress);

And then access my web methods (OperationContracts) from that instance (obviously opening it before consuming the method and closing it afterwards with Open and Close)

My WCF service is host in my IIS and I just access the .svc from my app to instantiate the ServiceClient.

So why and where is ServiceHost used?

Answer 1

A ServiceHost basically provides you everything you need to host a WCF service in a non-IIS or WAS setting. A common place for a ServiceHost would be in a console app or Windows service. See the example code from MSDN for how to setup a ServiceHost in a console app:

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.servicemodel.servicehost.aspx

Answer 2

Your service implementation is just a .NET class - you need to have a runtime environment for it, so it can be executed somehow. That's what the ServiceHost is for - it will load your service class, set up the endpoints and channel listeners and all that stuff, and thus give your service class an "ecosystem" to live and operate in.

You can either instantiate a ServiceHost class yourself in a console app, a Windows service, or even a Winforms app, and thus make your WCF service class available to the outside world - or you can delegate that work to IIS or WAS. Even IIS or WAS will use a ServiceHost to host your WCF service - they just do it automagically behind the scenes, and "on demand" - whenever a request for your WCF service comes in.

Marc