For any styles in WPF, you should have a separate resource dictionary that contains the styles for your app.
If you want to have a single Font Size that's reused throughout the app then just create a style for that font size. You can either give it a unique name/key to use explicitly or you can set a targetType that will transcend throughout the app.
Explicit Key:
<Style
x:Key="MyFontSize"
TargetType="TextBlock">
<Setter
Property="FontSize"
Value="10" />
</Style>
<Control
Style="{StaticResource MyFontSize}" />
*Note this style can be used with controls that have contentPresenters
For all textblocks in the app:
<Style
TargetType="TextBlock">
<Setter
Property="FontSize"
Value="10" />
</Style>
<TextBlock
Text="This text will be size 10" />