What's wrong with my bash array?

Question

Can anyone tell me why this bash script works if I cut and paste it to the terminal but throws "server_prep.sh: 7: Syntax error: "(" unexpected" when launched using $ sudo sh server_prep.sh ?

#!/bin/sh

#Packages
apt-get -y install ssh libsqlite3-dev ruby-full mercurial

#Gems
required_gems = ( rake rails sqlite3-ruby )

#Set up directories
[ ! -d /var/www ] && mkdir /var/www
[ ! -d /var/www/apps ] && mkdir /var/www/apps

#install gems manually
if ! which gem >/dev/null; then
 wget http://rubyforge.org/frs/download.php/60718/rubygems-1.3.5.tgz
 tar xvfz rubygems-1.3.5.tgz
 ruby rubygems-1.3.5/setup.rb
 ln -s /usr/bin/gem1.8 /usr/bin/gem
 gem update --system

 #Tidy Up
 rm -rf rubygems-1.3.5.tgz rubygems-1.3.5
fi

#Install required gems
for required_gem in "${required_gems[@]}"
do
 if ! gem list | grep $required_gem >/dev/null; then
  gem install $required_gems
 fi
done

Thanks in advance!

Answer 1

Try

required_gems=( rake rails sqlite3-ruby )

instead (note the lack of spaces around '=').

Answer 2

Are you on ubuntu?

Then you should change the #!-line at the top to read #!/bin/bash because /bin/sh is a very limited shell.

This would explain why works in the terminal (where the shell is bash) but not as a shell script (which is run by /bin/sh).

They changed this a couple of releases ago for performance reasons - most people don't need full bash functionality for shell script, and this limited shell is much faster at startup.

Edit: I just noticed that you don't even have to use an array since you convert it to a space separated string in the for loop anyway. Just remove the parenthesis in the assignment and put quotes around it instead (and also remove the spaces around the equal sign, as hacker suggested)