Not without a web browser.
If the user isn't logged in to google (or any other provider), he has to authenticate with the provider first. This is done via a web browser, and you shouldn't even try doing it in any other way (for security reasons, the user should be sure that he is connected to the provider, for example by seeing the url in his browser).
However, even if the user is logged in, the provider needs to know that -- usually using a cookie. And cookies are stored within a web browser. So in theory, you could parse the browser's cookie file, and then try immediate authentication, but that won't work until you login and authorize the relying party via a web browser first.