You're a bit confused. Neither jQuery nor "HTML DOM" nor MySQL are languages. More importantly, there is not really a fixed order, though certain combinations (e.g. HTML + CSS + JS) are obviously more helpful than others (CSS + SQL).
You're better off with Python instead of PHP if you want to become a programmer, not just crank out sites badly enough.
What's the point of knowing SQL before server-side programming? XHTML can be dropped altogether or pushed down.
Learn as your projects warrant, You can't learn everything so start with what you're being asked to do and branch out when you find things you enjoy.
To summarize. First learn structure, then learn style, then learn the backend languages (and their databases) and then learn JS and whatever library you want with it.
It depend on what you need to work on. If you are only working on front-end you can will need HTML + CSS + JS. IF you are working on back-end and dynamic page generation you will need to learn a server-side stack (i.e. PHP + MySQL or ASP.NET + SQLServer).
I started from the back-end coding and move through to learning HTML + CSS + JS
IMHO, first you need to learn HTTP protocol to understand how those things work. Only then you can begin with pure HTML and JavaScript. Then serverside programming: PHP or whatever language you will like.
Frameworks must be learnt AFTER the basic knowledge of those technologies.