what-is-this-called

TSQL Naming conventions ~ What's this naming convention called?

Given that I'm using TSQL, what's the name of this style of naming? \\servername\instance.database.schema.table and what other items can be inserted in place of .dbo. in the previous naming instance? how does one go about creating those alternatives? links to answers welcome Also, how would one refer to a job on the server instead ...