Are there any studies showing time spent on various stages of a product life cycle, especially test? Actual numbers and references would be useful.
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4Studies showing time taken on stages (coding, test, maintenance) of software product development?
The time spent on stages of software development are extremely dependent on the methodology used.
I think that a good place to start your research is searching for 'software development case study' in CiteSeerX. That way you will be able to find references and the numbers that you want.
You might take a look at this paper:
An Experimental Investigation of Software Metrics and Their Relationship to Software Development Effort
http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=65481
There are a lot of references in this paper that you can follow up on for more info.
Testing is an interesting animal. As mentioned, the chosen methodology will dictate how much time should be spent testing, but in the end, it's up to the engineers to allocate test time, number of tests, number of tests for each module, etc. appropriately.
Microsoft Case Study ● TDD project has twice the code quality ● Writing tests requires 15% more time IBM Case Study ● 40% fewer defects ● No impact on the team's productivity John Deere / Ericsson Case Study ● TDD produces higher quality code ● Impact of 16% on the team's productivity http://derickrethans.nl/files/tdd-phpworks8.pdf