ImageMagick all the way. It's a codebase with nearly every image-related operation you could possibly want to do, implemented fairly efficiently in C. This includes various types of resizing, both interpolated (bilinear, trilinear, adaptive, etc.), and not (just decimating (sampling) or replicating pixels. There are a ton of APIs (language bindings) that you can use in your applications, including MagickNet.
Also, not sure if it's at all relevant to what you're trying to do, but I thought this was a pretty darn cool SIGGRAPH paper, so here goes: ImageMagick also supports what they call "liquid rescaling", or seam carving, a technique shown in this cool demo here, and whose implementation and use in ImageMagick is discussed here.