In Perl, is there graceful way to convert undef to 0 manually?

Question

I have a fragment in this form:

my $a = $some_href->{$code}{'A'}; # a number or undef
my $b = $some_href->{$code}{'B'}; # a number or undef
$a = 0 unless defined($a);
$b = 0 unless defined($b);
my $total = $a + $b;

The reality is even more messy, since more than two variables are concerned.

What I really want to write is this:

my $total = $some_href->{$code}{'A'} + $some_href->{$code}{'B'};

and have undef correctly evaluate to 0 but I get these warnings in almost every run:

Use of uninitialized value in addition (+) at Stats.pm line 192.

What's the best way to make these messages go away?

NB: I 'use strict' and 'use warnings' if that s relevant.

Answer 1

You can turn off the “uninitialized” warning for a second:

my $a;
my $b = 1;
{
    no warnings 'uninitialized';
    my $c = $a+$b; # no warning
}
my $c = $a+$b; # warning

Or you can short-circuit to zero:

my $d = ($a||0)+$b; # no warning

Doesn’t look very nice to me though.

Answer 2

As you are adding them, just filter out the undefs.

use List::Util 'sum';

my $total = sum (0, grep {defined} $some_href->{$code}{'A'}, $some_href->{$code}{'B'});

Or even

use List::Util 'sum';

my $total = sum (0, grep {defined} map {$some_href->{$code}{$_}} 'A', 'B');

Answer 3

my $a = $some_href->{$code}{'A'} || 0;
my $b = $some_href->{$code}{'B'} || 0;
my $total = $a + $b;

In this case, it's OK to treat false values the same as undefined values because of your fallback value.

Answer 4

It's good that you're using strict and warnings. The purpose of warnings is to alert you when Perl sees behavior that's likely to be unintentional (and thus incorrect). When you're doing it deliberately, it's perfectly fine to disable the warning locally. undef is treated as 0 in numeric contexts. If you're okay with both having undefined values and having them evaluate to zero, just disable the warning:

my $total;
{
  no warnings 'uninitialized';
  $total = $some_href->{$code}{A} + $some_href->{$code}{B};
}

Note: Disable only the warnings you need to, and do so in the smallest scope possible.

If you're averse to disabling warnings, there are other options. As of Perl 5.10 you can use the // (defined-or) operator to set default values. Prior to that people often use the || (logical-or), but that can do the Wrong Thing for values that evaluate to false. The robust way to default values in pre-5.10 versions of Perl is to check if they're defined.

$x = $y // 42;             # 5.10+
$x = $y || 42;             # < 5.10 (fragile)
$x = defined $y ? $y : 42; # < 5.10 (robust)