Is there a flash player that could handle all of the formats mentioned above. Or different players that could handle it?
SHOUTcast can be handled, but not very well. Flash can fetch a shouted stream, but only as a plain MP3-over-HTTP request, so you don't get the chunked metadata. And because Flash is fetching a stream as a whole file, memory fills up with the fetched MP3. You can work around it by switching to a new stream every so often, disgarding the old stream data, but this can leave a little desynchronisation on each reseek.
I've used minicaster for this before.
I don't know of anything that'd play AAC or WMA. Flash 10 gives you direct access to audio output, which would allow you to write/port an AAC or WMA decoder in ActionScript, but the performance would be terrible.
http://www.adobe.com/devnet/flashplayer/articles/hd%5Fvideo%5Fflash%5Fplayer.html explains Flash 9's h.264 and aac support. Presumably Flash can play aac audio without h.264 video. Someone wrote an ogg vorbis player in Flash (http://drawlogic.com/2008/10/04/as3-fvorbis-flash-ogg-vorbis-player/) and the performance was acceptable. It's not written in ActionScript. It's written in a different language that compiles to Flash-compatible bytecode.
If you want to play wma, look no further than Silverlight. http://silverlight.net/forums/p/2786/7569.aspx lists all the supported codecs. Silverlight 3 also allows you to write your own audio codecs in managed code.
JOrbis is a Java applet that can play ogg/vorbis including internet radio.