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Can someone explain the differences of the Java Platform SE (6), Java, Java VM, etc.? Thanks.

+1  A: 

In brief: Java is a catch-all for the language and platform combined. The Java VM is what the Java language and platform run on, but can support other languages as well. Java SE is the base language and platform bundle (developer's kit / runtime) targeted for desktop/applet development. Java EE then would be geared toward server and "enterprise" development.

Shaun
+5  A: 

Java is the programming language defined by the Java Programming Language Specification. Java VM is the virtual machine as defined by the Java Virtual Machine Specifications. The Java SE is the virtual machine packaged along the standard libraries and tools.

In compiler construction terms, Java is the source language whereas JVM is the target language.

dfa
Strictly speaking, JVM refers to the target platform rather than the target language (Java bytecode).
Henry