Remember that a colorblind person doesn't necessarily see the world in black and white but rather some colors change their appearance. There are several different kinds of color-blindness out there and each looks different. Here are some images illustrating the different variants. For the most part it's either reddish or greenish tones that are affected, while most of the time blue colors remain what they are.
You can try out how your UI looks to various color-blind persons with this tool for example.\
The Windows User Experience Guidelines also cover color with respect to color blindness.