views:

285

answers:

4

Hello,

my Python class has some variables that require work to calculate the first time they are called. Subsequent calls should just return the precomputed value.

I don't want to waste time doing this work unless they are actually needed by the user. So is there a clean Pythonic way to implement this use case?

My initial thought was to use property() to call a function the first time and then override the variable:

class myclass(object):
    def get_age(self):
        self.age = 21 # raise an AttributeError here
        return self.age

    age = property(get_age)

Thanks

+10  A: 
class myclass(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.__age=None
    @property
    def age(self):
        if self.__age is None:
            self.__age=21  #This can be a long computation
        return self.__age

Alex mentioned you can use __getattr__, this is how it works

class myclass(object):
    def __getattr__(self, attr):
        if attr=="age":
            self.age=21   #This can be a long computation
        return super(myclass, self).__getattribute__(attr)

__getattr__() is invoked when the attribute doesn't exist on the object, ie. the first time you try to access age. Every time after, age exists so __getattr__ doesn't get called

gnibbler
thanks - __getattr__() works best for me
Plumo
the call to `return getattr(self, attr)` would cause an infinite loop if attr doesn't exist. Use `return super(MyClass, self).__getattr__(attr)` instead.
nosklo
Fixed, thanks nosklo
gnibbler
No doubt __getattr__ should return self.age if attr=='age', rather than calling super's __getattr__.
unutbu
@~unutbu, The `super.__getattr__` does return `self.age` once it has been created
gnibbler
print(myclass().age) returns AttributeError: 'super' object has no attribute '__getattr__'. Am I missing something?
unutbu
@~unutbu, I had `MyClass` instead of `myclass` also. oops. It's fixed now
gnibbler
+2  A: 

Yes you can use properties, though lazy evaluation is also often accomplished using descriptors, see e.g:

http://blog.pythonisito.com/2008/08/lazy-descriptors.html

oggy
+6  A: 

property, as you've seen, will not let you override it. You need to use a slightly different approach, such as:

class myclass(object):

    @property
    def age(self):
      if not hasattr(self, '_age'):
        self._age = self._big_long_computation()
      return self._age

There are other approaches, such as __getattr__ or a custom descriptor class, but this one is simpler!-)

Alex Martelli
huh, that is a syntax error?
nosklo
@nosklo, oops, been doing too much C lately -- fixed, tx
Alex Martelli
+3  A: 

Here is decorator from Python Cookbook for this problem:

class CachedAttribute(object):
    ''' Computes attribute value and caches it in the instance. '''
    def __init__(self, method, name=None):
        # record the unbound-method and the name
        self.method = method
        self.name = name or method.__name__
    def __get__(self, inst, cls):
        if inst is None:
            # instance attribute accessed on class, return self
            return self
        # compute, cache and return the instance's attribute value
        result = self.method(inst)
        setattr(inst, self.name, result)
        return result
Denis Otkidach