What is the best way to execute a command on the client computer via the web browser?
I know a Java applet is one way, but I really don't want to use Java.
Will a firefox plugin work?
What is the best way to execute a command on the client computer via the web browser?
I know a Java applet is one way, but I really don't want to use Java.
Will a firefox plugin work?
Yes, a firefox plugin will do it since plugins (in contrast to extensions) have the same access rights on the computer the user has.
If you want, you can have a look at my SuperUser-Question: Java Plugin a huge security risk? How to preseve Java plugin from privilege escalation? but you don't seem to want to use Java ;-).
For Windows, you might be able to just share the printer and access the printer queue remotely.
You can do that in an extension (much easer to make than a plugin).
That's done with nsIProcess: https://developer.mozilla.org/en/XPCOM%5FInterface%5FReference/nsIProcess
Why not just use a relevant content type for the printer command files and configure the browsers to to the right thing with such files? Since you are talking about special binary files for special thermal printers, I assume you are talking about a limited set of browsers ...