I don't speak telugu (sorry!), but I do understand that it's a syllabic-based language where syllables are composed of vowels (“achchu”s) and consonants (“hallu”s). So, as wikipedia explains, you end up with "sixty symbols, of which 16 are vowels, three vowel modifiers, and forty-one consonants". This page shows the Unicode correspondence: vowels are 0C05 to 0C14 (and also 0C60 and 0C61, "vocalic" RR and LL); consonants are 0C15 to 0C39; the other codes are the many "signs, punctuations, digits" and so on.
A complete table of possible syllables is at this PDF, but I confess the script is throwing me off as I have trouble telling what is what. If you speak telugu, or have easy access to people who do, you'd be in a better place to tell how to carve syllables out of a stream of telugu characters than I am. Python doesn't have much to do with it -- it's just one programming language out of many that may let you implement whatever algorithm you need for the syllabic determination, but it definitely has no such algorithm built-in!-)