It sounds like the requirement is for some master page to be always quickly accessible although the user is busily creating other tabs. I have a suggestion:
This involves nested JTabbedPanes. As you know, you can place the tabs on all 4 sides of the component. So what I'd do is create a "primary" JTP with just 1 or 2 tabs, the first of which is of course your "main" tab. Then, the second page in that component can be either empty or appear when the user creates his first new "secondary" page. That second page should be a JTP too, probably with tabs placed in a different direction; and all newly created secondary pages would be contained by this "inner" JTP. The user can flip around in the secondary pages, close them and whatever, but the tab for the main page will always be visible outside the borders of the inner JTP.
Then you can fiddle with the details, such as making the tabs of the primary JTP un-closeable. Making them un-moveable should be less of a priority now that that pane has only 2 pages.
Alternatively, you could put your primary and secondary contents on separate pages of a CardLayout
and provide a button (or two) to quickly go there (and back). Depending on how your app is laid out, this may need a little less space. You can connect an Action
to this button, triggered by an accelerator key... very quick, quite convenient. This might appease your boss/customer.