Assuming you want to stick with PHP, Drupal is very object oriented - and with the upcoming Drupal 7 release is becoming more so. I believe Drupal 7 is going to be PHP5 only, so it's using some of the features.
Not sure it qualifies for your needs though, as it's rather large ... that said, the Module based approach means that the system is already broken down into discrete blocks of functionality, which would make it much easier to get your head around.
Alternatively, if appropriate for your learning style, grab a copy of "Object Thinking" from Microsoft Press. It's language agnostic and really really good at covering the concepts in a way thats both understandable and easy to apply.