what does classmethod has done,who can give me a simple code example,thanks

Question

in django.utils.tree.py

def _new_instance(cls, children=None, connector=None, negated=False):
        obj = Node(children, connector, negated)
        obj.__class__ = cls
        return obj
    _new_instance = classmethod(_new_instance)

i don't know what classmethod does

Please try to use the code, rather than text, because my English is not very good, thank you

Answer 1

It makes it possible to call the method on the class instead of an object:

class MyClass(object):
    def _new_instance(cls, blah):
        pass
    _new_instance = classmethod(_new_instance)

MyClass._new_instance("blah")

Answer 2

classmethod is a descriptor, wrapping a function, and you can call the resulting object on a class or (equivalently) an instance thereof:

>>> class x(object):
...   def c1(*args): print 'c1', args
...   c1 = classmethod(c1)
...   @classmethod
...   def c2(*args): print 'c2', args
... 
>>> inst = x()
>>> x.c1()
c1 (<class '__main__.x'>,)
>>> x.c2()
c2 (<class '__main__.x'>,)
>>> inst.c1()
c1 (<class '__main__.x'>,)
>>> inst.c2()
c2 (<class '__main__.x'>,)

As you see, whether you define it directly or with decorator syntax, and whether you call it on the class or the instance, the classmethod always receives the class as its first argument.

One of the main uses of classmethod is to define "alternative constructors":

>>> class y(object):
...   def __init__(self, astring):
...     self.s = astring
...   @classmethod
...   def fromlist(cls, alist):
...     x = cls('')
...     x.s = ','.join(str(s) for s in alist)
...     return x
...   def __repr__(self):
...     return 'y(%r)' % self.s
...
>>> y1 = y('xx')
>>> y1
y('xx')
>>> y2 = y.fromlist(range(3))
>>> y2
y('0,1,2')

Now if you subclass y, the classmethod keeps working, e.g.:

>>> class k(y):
...   def __repr__(self):
...     return 'k(%r)' % self.s.upper()
...
>>> k1 = k.fromlist(['za','bu'])
>>> k1
k('ZA,BU')