Can you list the keyword arguments a Python function receives?

Question

I have a dict, which I need to pass key/values as keyword arguments.. For example..

d_args = {'kw1': 'value1', 'kw2': 'value2'}
example(**d_args)

This works fine, but if there are values in the d_args dict that are not accepted by the example function, it obviously dies.. Say, if the example function is defined as def example(kw2):

This is a problem since I don't control either the generation of the d_args, or the example function.. They both come from external modules, and example only accepts some of the keyword-arguments from the dict..

Ideally I would just do

parsed = feedparser.parse(the_url); PyRSS2Gen.RSS2(parsed, [magic to make it ignore invalid keyword arguments])

I will probably just filter the dict, from a list of valid keyword-arguments, but I was wondering: Is there a way to programatically list the keyword arguments the a specific function takes?

Answer 1

This will print names of all passable arguments, keyword and non-keyword ones:

def func(one, two="value"):
    y = one, two
    return y
print func.func_code.co_varnames[:func.func_code.co_argcount]

This is because first co_varnames are always parameters (next are local variables, like y in the example above).

So now you could have a function:

def getValidArgs(func, argsDict):
    '''Return dictionary without invalid function arguments.'''
    validArgs = func.func_code.co_varnames[:func.func_code.co_argcount]
    return dict((key, value) for key, value in argsDict.iteritems() 
                if key in validArgs)

Which you then could use like this:

>>> func(**getValidArgs(func, args))

---

EDIT: A small addition: if you really need only keyword arguments of a function, you can use the func_defaults attribute to extract them:

def getValidKwargs(func, argsDict):
    validArgs = func.func_code.co_varnames[:func.func_code.co_argcount]
    kwargsLen = len(func.func_defaults) # number of keyword arguments
    validKwargs = validArgs[-kwargsLen:] # because kwargs are last
    return dict((key, value) for key, value in argsDict.iteritems() 
                if key in validKwargs)

You could now call your function with known args, but extracted kwargs, e.g.:

func(param1, param2, **getValidKwargs(func, kwargsDict))

This assumes that func uses no *args or **kwargs magic in its signature.

Answer 2

Extending DzinX's answer:

argnames = example.func_code.co_varnames[:func.func_code.co_argcount]
args = dict((key, val) for key,val in d_args.iteritems() if key in argnames)
example(**args)

Answer 3

A little nicer than inspecting the code object directly and working out the variables is to use the inspect module.

>>> import inspect
>>> def func(a,b,c=42, *args, **kwargs): pass
>>> inspect.getargspec(func)
(['a', 'b', 'c'], 'args', 'kwargs', (42,))

If you want to know if its callable with a particular set of args, you need the args without a default already specified. These can be got by:

def getRequiredArgs(func):
    args, varargs, varkw, defaults = inspect.getargspec(func)
    if defaults:
        args = args[:-len(defaults)]
    return args   # *args and **kwargs are not required, so ignore them.

Then a function to tell what you are missing from your particular dict is:

def missingArgs(func, argdict):
    return set(getRequiredArgs(func)).difference(argdict)

Similarly, to check for invalid args, use:

def invalidArgs(func, argdict):
    args, varargs, varkw, defaults = inspect.getargspec(func)
    if varkw: return set()  # All accepted
    return set(argdict) - set(args)

And so a full test if it is callable is :

def isCallableWithArgs(func, argdict):
    return not missingArgs(func, argdict) and not invalidArgs(func, argdict)

(This is good only as far as python's arg parsing. Any runtime checks for invalid values in kwargs obviously can't be detected.)

Answer 4

In Python 3.0:

>>> import inspect
>>> import fileinput
>>> print(inspect.getfullargspec(fileinput.input))
FullArgSpec(args=['files', 'inplace', 'backup', 'bufsize', 'mode', 'openhook'],
varargs=None, varkw=None, defaults=(None, 0, '', 0, 'r', None), kwonlyargs=[], 
kwdefaults=None, annotations={})