SQL Server Geography datatype nearest point on line

Question

I am trying to build a query, but I am having some difficulty.

I have a SQL Server 2008 database with a table that includes, among other fields, a geography field that describes road segments. (This data has been imported from TIGER/Line data from the U.S. Census.)

I have another fixed point describing a user's location. I want to find the closest road segment in the database to that point, but I can't seem to figure out how to accomplish this. Furthermore, I want to find the closest point on that segment to the user location point. This is what I want to select and return back in my query.

Does anyone have any experience with the geography/geometry functionality that can help me?

Thanks!

Answer 1

How are your road segments stored? lat and long? if so, you can convert them to radians, and do the math:

• http://www.zipcodeworld.com/samples/distance.mssql.html
• http://www.petefreitag.com/item/622.cfm
• http://johndyer.name/post/2005/07/11/LatitudeLongitude-Distance-Calculation-in-SQL-Server.aspx

Answer 2

You can store your objects in a GEOGRAPHY column and create a SPATIAL INDEX over this column.

Unfortunately, SQL Server implements spatial indexes by tiling the surface and storing the tile identifiers in a plain B-Tree index, so plain ORDER BY STDistance won't work (well, it will work but won't use the index).

Instead, you'll have to make a query similar to this:

DECLARE @mypoint GEOGRAPHY
SET @mypoint = geography::STGeomFromText('POINT(@mylat, @mylon)', 4326);

WITH    num (distance) AS
        (
        SELECT  1
        UNION ALL
        SELECT  distance + 1
        FROM    num
        WHERE   distance <= 50
        )
SELECT  TOP 1 m.*
FROM    num
CROSS APPLY
        (
        SELECT  TOP 1 *
        FROM    mytable
        WHERE   myroad.STDistance(@mypoint) <= distance
        ORDER BY
                STDistance(@mypoint)
        ) m

This way, SQL Server will first search roads within 1 kilometer from your point, then within 2 kilometers, etc., each time using the index.