Django ModelForm for Many-to-Many fields

Question

Consider the following models and form:

class Pizza(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=50)

class Topping(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
    ison = models.ManyToManyField(Pizza, blank=True)

class ToppingForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = Topping

When you view the ToppingForm it lets you choose what pizzas the toppings go on and everything is just dandy.

My questions is: How do I define a ModelForm for Pizza that lets me take advantage of the Many-to-Many relationship between Pizza and Topping and lets me choose what Toppings go on the Pizza?

Answer 1

I'm not sure if this is what your looking for, but are you aware that Pizza has the topping_set attribute? Using that attribute you could easily add a new topping in your ModelForm.

new_pizza.topping_set.add(new_topping)

Answer 2

To be honest, I would put the many-to-many relation into the Pizza model. I think this closer to reality. Imagine a person that orders several pizzas. He wouldn't say "I would like cheese on pizza one and two and tomatoes on pizza one and three" but probably "One pizza with cheese, one pizza with cheese and tomatoes,...".

Of course it is possible to get the form working in your way but I would go with:

class Pizza(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
    toppings = models.ManyToManyField(Topping)

Answer 3

We had similar problem in our app, which used django admin. There is many to many relation between users and groups and one can't easily add users to a group. I have created a patch for django, that does this, but there isn't much attention to it ;-) You can read it and try to apply similar solution to your pizza/topping problem. This way being inside a topping, you can easily add related pizzas or vice versa.

Answer 4

I'm not certain I get the question 100%, so I'm going to run with this assumption:

Each Pizza can have many Toppings. Each Topping can have many Pizzas. But if a Topping is added to a Pizza, that Topping then automagically will have a Pizza, and vice versa.

In this case, your best bet is a relationship table, which Django supports quite well. It could look like this:

models.py

class PizzaTopping(models.Model):
    topping = models.ForeignKey('Topping')
    pizza = models.ForeignKey('Pizza')
class Pizza(models.Model):     
    name = models.CharField(max_length=50) 
    topped_by = models.ManyToManyField('Topping', through=PizzaTopping)
    def __str__(self):
        return self.name
    def __unicode__(self):
        return self.name
class Topping(models.Model):   
    name=models.CharField(max_length=50)
    is_on = models.ManyToManyField('Pizza', through=PizzaTopping)
    def __str__(self):
        return self.name
    def __unicode__(self):
        return self.name

forms.py

class PizzaForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = Pizza
class ToppingForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = Topping

Example:

>>> p1 = Pizza(name="Monday")
>>> p1.save()
>>> p2 = Pizza(name="Tuesday")
>>> p2.save()
>>> t1 = Topping(name="Pepperoni")
>>> t1.save()
>>> t2 = Topping(name="Bacon")
>>> t2.save()
>>> PizzaTopping(pizza=p1, topping=t1).save() # Monday + Pepperoni
>>> PizzaTopping(pizza=p2, topping=t1).save() # Tuesday + Pepperoni
>>> PizzaTopping(pizza=p2, topping=t2).save() # Tuesday + Bacon

>>> tform = ToppingForm(instance=t2) # Bacon
>>> tform.as_table() # Should be on only Tuesday.
u'<tr><th><label for="id_name">Name:</label></th><td><input id="id_name" type="text" name="name" value="Bacon" maxlength="50" /></td></tr>\n<tr><th><label for="id_is_on">Is on:</label></th><td><select multiple="multiple" name="is_on" id="id_is_on">\n<option value="1">Monday</option>\n<option value="2" selected="selected">Tuesday</option>\n</select><br /> Hold down "Control", or "Command" on a Mac, to select more than one.</td></tr>'

>>> pform = PizzaForm(instance=p1) # Monday
>>> pform.as_table() # Should have only Pepperoni
u'<tr><th><label for="id_name">Name:</label></th><td><input id="id_name" type="text" name="name" value="Monday" maxlength="50" /></td></tr>\n<tr><th><label for="id_topped_by">Topped by:</label></th><td><select multiple="multiple" name="topped_by" id="id_topped_by">\n<option value="1" selected="selected">Pepperoni</option>\n<option value="2">Bacon</option>\n</select><br /> Hold down "Control", or "Command" on a Mac, to select more than one.</td></tr>'

>>> pform2 = PizzaForm(instance=p2) # Tuesday
>>> pform2.as_table() # Both Pepperoni and Bacon
u'<tr><th><label for="id_name">Name:</label></th><td><input id="id_name" type="text" name="name" value="Tuesday" maxlength="50" /></td></tr>\n<tr><th><label for="id_topped_by">Topped by:</label></th><td><select multiple="multiple" name="topped_by" id="id_topped_by">\n<option value="1" selected="selected">Pepperoni</option>\n<option value="2" selected="selected">Bacon</option>\n</select><br /> Hold down "Control", or "Command" on a Mac, to select more than one.</td></tr>'

Answer 5

I guess you would have here to add a new ModelMultipleChoiceField to your PizzaForm, and manually link that form field with the model field, as Django won't do that automatically for you.

The following snippet might be helpful :

class PizzaForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = Pizza

    # Representing the many to many related field in Pizza
    toppings = forms.ModelMultipleChoiceField(queryset=Topping.objects.all())

    # Overriding __init__ here allows us to provide initial
    # data for 'toppings' field
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        # Only in case we build the form from an instance
        # (otherwise, 'toppings' list should be empty)
        if 'instance' in kwargs:
            # We get the 'initial' keyword argument or initialize it
            # as a dict if it didn't exist.                
            initial = kwargs.setdefault('initial', {})
            # The widget for a ModelMultipleChoiceField expects
            # a list of primary key for the selected data.
            initial['toppings'] = [t.pk for t in kwargs['instance'].topping_set.all()]

        forms.ModelForm.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)

    # Overriding save allows us to process the value of 'toppings' field    
    def save(self, commit=True):
        # Get the unsave Pizza instance
        instance = forms.ModelForm.save(self, False)

        # Prepare a 'save_m2m' method for the form,
        old_save_m2m = self.save_m2m
        def save_m2m():
           old_save_m2m()
           # This is where we actually link the pizza with toppings
           instance.topping_set.clear()
           for topping in self.cleaned_data['toppings']:
               instance.topping_set.add(topping)
        self.save_m2m = save_m2m

        # Do we need to save all changes now?
        if commit:
            instance.save()
            self.save_m2m()

        return instance

This PizzaForm can then be used everywhere, even in the admin :

# yourapp/admin.py
from django.contrib.admin import site, ModelAdmin
from yourapp.models import Pizza
from yourapp.forms import PizzaForm

class PizzaAdmin(ModelAdmin):
  form = PizzaForm

site.register(Pizza, PizzaAdmin)

Note

The save() method might be a bit too verbose, but you can simplify it if you don't need to support the commit=False situation, it will then be like that :

def save(self):
  instance = forms.ModelForm.save(self)
  instance.topping_set.clear()
  for topping in self.cleaned_data['toppings']:
    instance.topping_set.add(topping)

Answer 6

I did something similar based in code of Clément with a user admin form:

# models.py
class Clinica(models.Model):
  ...
  users = models.ManyToManyField(User, null=True, blank=True, related_name='clinicas')

# admin.py
class CustomUserChangeForm(UserChangeForm):
  clinicas = forms.ModelMultipleChoiceField(queryset=Clinica.objects.all())

  def __init__(self,*args,**kwargs):
    if 'instance' in kwargs:
      initial = kwargs.setdefault('initial',{})
      initial['clinicas'] = kwargs['instance'].clinicas.values_list('pk',flat=True)
    super(CustomUserChangeForm,self).__init__(*args,**kwargs)

  def save(self,*args,**kwargs):
    instance = super(CustomUserChangeForm,self).save(*args,**kwargs)
    instance.clinicas = self.cleaned_data['clinicas']
    return instance

  class Meta:
    model = User

admin.site.unregister(User)

UserAdmin.fieldsets += ( (u'Clinicas', {'fields': ('clinicas',)}), )
UserAdmin.form = CustomUserChangeForm

admin.site.register(User,UserAdmin)