How to find control points for a BezierSegment given Start, End, and 2 Intersection Pts in C# - AKA Cubic Bezier 4-point Interpolation

Question

Hi, I've been struggling looking for an understandable way to do this. I have four points, a StartPt, EndPoint, and Intersection points to represent the peak and valley in the bezier.

The BezierSegment in C# requires start, controlPoint 1, controlPoint 2, endpoint - however I don't have any control points I only have these two points that lie along the bezier curves (i'm calling them intersection points above)... how can I calculate the two control points?

Thanks in advance, this has been driving me crazy.

There's some kind of explanation here: http://www.tinaja.com/glib/nubz4pts1.pdf but it's written in postscript and that language makes no sense to me at all - it's over my head.

Answer 1

There are an infinite number of solutions to a curve passing through 4 points, but the best simple solution is to try to make the curve segment lengths proportional to the chord lengths. The code you link to is the a first order approximation that works well and is pretty fast.

Here's the C# translation of the PostScript code:

static class DrawingUtility
{
    // linear equation solver utility for ai + bj = c and di + ej = f
    static void solvexy(double a, double b, double c, double d, double e, double f, out double i, out double j)
    {
        j = (c - a / d * f) / (b - a * e / d);
        i = (c - (b * j)) / a;
    }

    // basis functions
    static double b0(double t) { return Math.Pow(1 - t, 3); }
    static double b1(double t) { return t * (1 - t) * (1 - t) * 3; }
    static double b2(double t) { return (1 - t) * t * t * 3; }
    static double b3(double t) { return Math.Pow(t, 3); }

    static void bez4pts1(double x0, double y0, double x4, double y4, double x5, double y5, double x3, double y3, out double x1, out double y1, out double x2, out double y2)
    {
        // find chord lengths
        double c1 = Math.Sqrt((x4 - x0) * (x4 - x0) + (y4 - y0) * (y4 - y0));
        double c2 = Math.Sqrt((x5 - x4) * (x5 - x4) + (y5 - y4) * (y5 - y4));
        double c3 = Math.Sqrt((x3 - x5) * (x3 - x5) + (y3 - y5) * (y3 - y5));
        // guess "best" t
        double t1 = c1 / (c1 + c2 + c3);
        double t2 = (c1 + c2) / (c1 + c2 + c3);
        // transform x1 and x2
        solvexy(b1(t1), b2(t1), x4 - (x0 * b0(t1)) - (x3 * b3(t1)), b1(t2), b2(t2), x5 - (x0 * b0(t2)) - (x3 * b3(t2)), out x1, out x2);
        // transform y1 and y2
        solvexy(b1(t1), b2(t1), y4 - (y0 * b0(t1)) - (y3 * b3(t1)), b1(t2), b2(t2), y5 - (y0 * b0(t2)) - (y3 * b3(t2)), out y1, out y2);
    }

    static public PathFigure BezierFromIntersection(Point startPt, Point int1, Point int2, Point endPt)
    {
        double x1, y1, x2, y2;
        bez4pts1(startPt.X, startPt.Y, int1.X, int1.Y, int2.X, int2.Y, endPt.X, endPt.Y, out x1, out y1, out x2, out y2);
        PathFigure p = new PathFigure { StartPoint = startPt };
        p.Segments.Add(new BezierSegment { Point1 = new Point(x1, y1), Point2 = new Point(x2, y2), Point3 = endPt } );
        return p;
    }
}

I haven't tested it, but it compiles. Just call DrawingUtility.BezierFromIntersection with the 4 points you have, and it will return a PathFigure for drawing the curve.

Answer 2

Here are two good examples:

http://www.codeproject.com/KB/graphics/ClosedBezierSpline.aspx http://www.codeproject.com/KB/graphics/BezierSpline.aspx

Also see this animation to better understand how BezierSplines work http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9zier_curve