If you want labels within the GroupBox to be a smaller size and everything else in the group box to match the GroupBox header text size, use a style:
<GroupBox FontSize="14" Header="Header Text">
<GroupBox.Resources>
<Style TargetType="Label">
<Setter Property="FontSize" Value="8" />
<Setter Property="FontWeight" Value="Normal" />
</Style>
</GroupBox.Resources>
<StackPanel>
<Label Text="Label Text" />
<Label Text="Another Label" />
<TextBlock Text="This will match the group header" />
</StackPanel>
</GroupBox>
If you want the GroupBox header to be different from all the text in the GroupBox, use a TextBlock for a header instead of a string:
<GroupBox>
<GroupBox.Header>
<TextBlock Text="Header Text" FontSize="14" />
</GroupBox.Header>
<StackPanel>
<Label Text="Label Text" />
<Label Text="Another Label" />
<TextBlock Text="This will be the default font" />
</StackPanel>
</GroupBox>
These two techniques can be combined to have one size for the GroupBox header, another size for labels, and a third (default) size for all other text in the GroupBox.