SWT is a popular GUI library (used in projects such as Eclipse IDE and other standalone projects) which uses native windowing components such as Win32 on Windows and GTK+ on Linux. It achieves this through an abstraction layer with a standard library available for supported platforms. http://www.eclipse.org/swt/
For non-UI stuff (which the OP seems to be requesting now), there's CHARVA, which is a Java framework for presenting a "graphical" user interface, composed of elements such as windows, dialogs, menus, textfields and buttons, on a traditional character-cell ASCII terminal.
CHARVA screenshots: