You probably just want to put the switch statement into the foreach?
foreach ($tables as $table) {
    switch ($table) {
        case 'table_one' :
            // do something here
            break;
        case 'table_two' :
            // do something here
            break;
        case 'table_three' :
            // do something here
            break;
        default :
            // do some error handling here
            break;
    }
}
Alternatively, a switch isn't that easy to read, consider going away from a switch and using an array-powered if, especially if you could dynamically create what you want to do each case:
$tables = array('table_one', 'table_two', 'table_three');
if (in_array($table, $tables)) {
    // do something here
} else {
    // do some error handling here
}
That's a lot more readable, even if your array has a lot of elements.