Until I can convince others to convert over to Team Foundation Server 2010 (TFS2010), I'm still going to use Visual Source Safe 2005 (VSS2005). I will be upgrade to Visual Studio 2010 (VS2010) soon. What do I need to get VS2010 to work with VSS2005? I understand there is a patch for VSS.
In my opinion.. Ditch VSS and use SVN, it's free, it's got VS2010 integration tools, and it's better than VSS (again, my opinion). I'd get into why but there are plenty of rants about that.
If you like Visual Studio integration, Ankh SVN works great. Also, we use Tortoise for quick access from Windows Explorer.
All of that said, if our team was a little larger, I think TFS would be totally worth it.
Git is also a very popular choice, but the way it manages things might make it a bit slow for extremely large solutions. (I've only read evidence to that fact, I've not tried it myself)
If the VSS client is installed on your dev box, the VSS plugin will appear in the source control plugin selection list in tools|options|source control inside of Visual Studio.
VSS is terrible. Really, really bad. I mean, you might think that the asteroid that killed the aliens that lived here before the dinosaurs was bad, but that's just peanuts compared to VSS.
However, if you're stuck with it, it will, in fact, work with VS2010. I'm in a quandary because I want to move to TFS, but the content managers are using SharePoint Designer (effectively Expression, since we don't have a SharePoint site). They're used to saving the file and immediately seeing their changes on the dev server. Other than installing Visual Studio on their machines, there doesn't seem to be a good way to let them keep this functionality while moving to a real source control system.
I feel your pain.