Hmmm... Good question. It seems they can't even have an ID.
The only idea that comes to mind is to add your identifying info into the query string:
<script src="http://www.example.com/scripts/script.js?id=my_id&variable=value">
it's awfully kludgy but if validity is the most important factor.....
Another idea would be storing the data in the #
part:
<script src="http://www.example.com/scripts/script.js#id=my_id&variable=value">
but I would fear unintended consequences with that one. My assumption is browsers will drop the part when requesting scripts but I don't know for sure.
HTML 5 will bring the data:
attribute. Chances are those will be legal in script tags, too.