The first and most critical thing you're going to need from what you described is a bunch of hidden fields to store the information you're interested in. You would have to write javascript code on the client side to store the users interaction with your page into these hidden fields.
To receive data via POST, you will need <input type="hidden" name"some_field">
for every bit of data you wish to "know" about that was changed on your page. Table information is not transmitted in a POST operation if it's just text, so you can't see the layout of the modified table on post back to the server.
If you don't have to POST this data to another form, it is probably a better idea to make callbacks via XMLHTTPREQUEST as the user interacts with your page, but I don't know the requirements of what you're trying to do.