I suspect you want to redirect the user to a particular page after he logs in, you can simply use the header
function for that:
header("LOCATION: user-panel.php");
That will redirect home to user-panel.php
page.
The browser's back button goes back until there is history found, just to add that you can use javascript for that although this might not be required in your case:
<a href="#" onclick="history.back(); return false;">Go Back</a>
More info here
Update Based On Comment:
Basically you set a session when the user is authenticated for the first time, here is an example:
session_start();
// check if the user is already logged in: if yes redirect him even if the back button is clicked
if (isset($_SESSION['logged']))
{
header("LOCATION: user-panel.php");
}
// below is your own normal code
// your db query if the user specified criteria was met
if (user found)
{
$_SESSION['logged'] = true; // you should add this line if not already there
// redirect the user
}