Developing Games in Java is a great book, and the first half of it goes in detail about creating a 2D platformer game. Overall I found the book's explanation to be excellent, and the full game is on the CD so you could mod it to fit your needs. [edit: wait a second... it doesn't come with a CD... the source is on the website, see below!]
I don't feel like it's a super fully-developed platformer; it feels more like a demo. But you could use the game as a starting point and add anything else you need. And the code, being a book example project, is well documented and commented. It has a level format too, so if you find it fits all your needs you should be able to just drop in your images and make your own level files, and then load them in-game.
By the way, the rest of the book dives into creating a software 3D engine from scratch using Java 2D. It's really awesome. Just a bit of a bonus after this project is done, eh?
Also a downside, the book is now almost 7 years old. It uses Java 1.4 though, and the book website is still online, so I'd say it's still a viable resource! In fact, it looks like the book website has a demo of the game AND all of the source code, so you might not even need to buy the book. Go check it out!