Well as I see it and will do it probably in python:
You have the user user.getRecentTracks, where you can get:
<recenttracks user="RJ" page="1" perPage="10" totalPages="3019">
<track nowplaying="true">
<artist mbid="2f9ecbed-27be-40e6-abca-6de49d50299e">Aretha Franklin</artist>
<name>Sisters Are Doing It For Themselves</name>
<mbid/>
<album mbid=""/>
<url>www.last.fm/music/Aretha+Franklin/_/Sisters+Are+Doing+It+For+Themselves</url>
<date uts="1213031819">9 Jun 2008, 17:16</date>
<streamable>1</streamable>
</track>
...
</recenttracks>
Then you have the api call artist.getInfo (the same as album.getInfo), where you can get:
<artist>
<name>Cher</name>
<mbid>bfcc6d75-a6a5-4bc6-8282-47aec8531818</mbid>
<url>http://www.last.fm/music/Cher</url>
<image size="small">http://userserve-ak.last.fm/serve/50/285717.jpg</image>
<image size="medium">http://userserve-ak.last.fm/serve/85/285717.jpg</image>
<image size="large">http://userserve-ak.last.fm/serve/160/285717.jpg</image>
<streamable>1</streamable>
You'll need only an XML parse to get the images (or just use RegEx). Calling the API you can make with curl request:
For the user info:
e.g.: http://ws.audioscrobbler.com/2.0/?method=user.getrecenttracks&user=rj&api_key=b25b959554ed76058ac220b7b2e0a026
For the Album Info you can get the Idea witch is in the examples in the link you provided.