The primary way to register COM components is by their CLSID, a fixed size 16 byte number. A GUID. You can publish a ProgID, that's useful to COM clients that need to use late binding. Like scripting languages.
I have no idea if there's a length limit to ProgIDs, there isn't one defined in the COM infrastructure. Maybe the scripting language has one. I know you are using VB6, there's no need for a ProgID at all. It prefers early binding (new ClassName, not CreateObject). Which is a good idea because late bound calls are about 10,000 times slower.
Anyhoo, if you want to specify a ProgId then use the <ProgId> attribute. The normal format is AppName.ClassName, something that should rarely test any kind of length limit.