Brenna's answer is correct. Also, if your pop-up is extremely complex, you could also create a whole new activity but give it the ThemeDialog theme - that way, it will still look like a dialog on top of your previous activity, and you can give it an additional style to dim or blur the background.
Obviously, this only makes sense if you really need a full new activity (say, if you have lots of code to initialize the popup or validate the input). Otherwise, a simple dialog is a easier.
Btw, I would recommend implementing onCreateDialog and putting Brenna's code in there, that way it will automatically be cleaned up. Otherwise, you may run into problems if the user changes orientation while dealing with your dialog. (Remember that changing orientation will effectively destroy and re-create your current activity.)