Depends on what you've been doing for the last year. Have you written any other web app, from start to finish, or have you just been working on small individual learning exercises?
The thing about this project is that a full-featured blog engine would take you much longer than 20 days. Take a look at Word Press or Moveable Type. Those guys have whole teams, working for YEARS on those projects, and they continue to add new features all the time.
I think a blog engine is a great learning project, because the list of possible features is so overwhelmingly huge that you'll have to narrow your scope a little bit, and that's a good thing to learn early in your career.
But within such a short window of time (20 days is woefully inadequate), you'll have to limit yourself to a very rudimentary project.
Having said that, I think PHP/MySQL is a perfectly reasonable choice. If that's what you've been focusing on learning, there's no need to muddy the waters by diving into a whole new language or platform. Instead, focus on learning PHP best practices (object oriented development, how to avoid SQL injection attacks, etc.)
Or maybe you want to create a very plain vanilla back-end, and focus on the user interface, using some of the cool ajaxy stuff from JQuery/ExtJS to build a responsive dynamic GUI.
So decide what you really want to learn on this project (PHP best practices, database design principles, MySQL optimization, ajax front-end development, etc) and focus on the aspects of the project that will best serve those goals. I think a blog engine is a pretty decent context for that. And when you've satisfied one of your goals, you can shift focus to something else, without abandoning the project.
I've always told people that I think the best way to learn new things is by assigning yourself a series of increasingly complex projects.
Have fun!!!