Resource names have to be proper Java identifiers. Call them card1
through card52
instead of just their numbers (if I understand you correctly).
EDITED TO ADD: To map an integer to the correct image, your code should manage the mapping itself. One (not terribly elegant) way is to explicitly create a Bitmap[] cardImages = new Bitmap[52];
array and assigning each resource into the array, as in e.g.
Resources r = context.getResources();
cardImages[0] = loadBitmap(r.getDrawable(R.drawable.card1));
// ...
cardImages[12] = loadBitmap(r.getDrawable(R.drawable.card13));
// ...
cardImages[51] = loadBitmap(r.getDrawable(R.drawable.card52));