All of the above-mentioned licenses are pre-crafted cookie cutter solutions for non-lawyers such as yourself, which is to say the people using them haven't written them and more than likely haven't given a great deal of thought to fringe issues like this. Until you attempt to actually use an image under the given license, the ultimate authority isn't the license itself but the author; if you want to use an image in your book and you're unsure of the creator's desires, then contact them and politely ask permission for what you want to do. I'm not by any means an author but as I understand it, this is generally good practice in nearly all creative domains.
As far as the GPL is concerned: The FSF agrees with you that applying the GPL to non-software works is needlessly ambiguous and generally prefers the GNU Free Documentation License or Creative Commons for this. Someone who applies the GPL specifically to a picture in isolation probably doesn't understand it very well or realize its terminology is strongly oriented toward computer programs. In either case it becomes all the more worthwhile to seek their clarification of what exactly they were trying to accomplish in choosing the GPL.
Barring any progress with the above I'd offer a default answer of "Yes, you are bound to the terms of a copyleft license and must accordingly allow free distribution of your book". Anyone can redistribute GPL'd content to anyone and defensively you should assume this applies to your book, as there's no clear mapping between the terms of the GPL and your circumstances that would rule that out and it's not something for ordinary people to interpret. This a very strange situation that has never come to fruition in court as far as I'm aware, so there's little precedent. Litigation discussing the licensing of books and images in the metaphorical terms of computer software, libraries and source code would sound pretty surreal.
Fair use also comes into play and probably takes precedence over any of the above, but that's even murkier. The best way to sidestep all of this would be to just ask for explicit permission from the creator.