As far as an android app is concerned, I'm not sure. Good question.
However if you're writing a browser app in HTML/Javascript, you can check in Javascript using a combination of the screen.width/height, document.documentElement.clientWidth/Height, and a few other methods. If you really wanted to, this would be a way of blocking your site from low-res machines.
You can also specify CSS to react differently according to the screen size using media queries, although that would be less about blocking and more about adapting to suit the environment.
The Quirksmode website has a good article about the intricacies of dtermining screen size and other attributes in a mobile browser environment.