If your content is updated once a day (or hour, etc) then you could schedule the C code as a standalone application via cron to run. It reads in a "header" html template file, generated the table from the database, then copies the "footer" html template file. This generated file gets copied to the web server location you want it, then the webserver can simply serve the HTML file.
If you have no cron, you could move the C into a CGI C code that you can call manually via a "hidden" URL that generates the HTML file in the same way.
If the table updates all the time, then just do the above but return the data to the user rather than creating a file to serve statically.
I assume you don't have access to server-side includes of any sort (embedded web server?).