I have the following Perl script counting the number of Fs and Ts in a string:
my $str = "GGGFFEEIIEETTGGG";
my $ft_count = 0;
$ft_count++ while($str =~ m/[FT]/g);
print "$ft_count\n";
Is there a more concise way to get the count (in other words, to combine line 2 and 3)?
Yes, you can use the CountOf secret operator:
my $ft_count = ()= $str =~ m/[FT]/g;
You can combine line 2, 3 and 4 into one like so:
my $str = "GGGFFEEIIEETTGGG";
print $str =~ s/[FT]//g; #Output 4;
When the "m" operator has the /g flag AND is executed in list context, it returns a list of matching substrings. So another way to do this would be:
my @ft_matches = $str =~ m/[FT]/g;
my $ft_count = @ft_matches; # count elements of array
But that's still two lines. Another weirder trick that can make it shorter:
my $ft_count = () = $str =~ m/[FT]/g;
The "() =" forces the "m" to be in list context. Assigning a list with N elements to a list of zero variables doesn't actually do anything. But then when this assignment expression is used in a scalar context ($ft_count = ...), the right "=" operator returns the number of elements from its right-hand side - exactly what you want.
This is incredibly weird when first encountered, but the "=()=" idiom is a useful Perl trick to know, for "evaluate in list context, then get size of list".
Note: I have no data on which of these are more efficient when dealing with large strings. In fact, I suspect your original code might be best in that case.