"loop:" in Java code. What is this, why does it compile, and generally WTF?

Question

This code just made me stare at my screen for a few minutes:

loop:
for (;;) {
    // ...
}

(line 137 here)

I have never seen this before, and I had no idea Java has a "loop" keyword (Netbeans doesn't even color it like a keyword), and it does compile fine with JDK 6.

Can someone explain this to me?

Answer 1

It is not a keyword it is a label

Doc

Usage:

label1:
for(){
  label2:
  for(){
      if(condition1)
      break label1;//break outerloop

      if(condition2)
      break label2;//break innerloop
  }
}

Answer 2

Its not a keyword, its a label.

It allows you to go a labeled break and labeled continue.

Answer 3

Its a break point label, to allow you to break out of a specified loop, rather than simply the innermost one you happen to be in.

Its used on line 148

Answer 4

It is a label, and labels in java can be used with the break and continue key words for additional control over loops. Here it is explained in a rather good way: http://www.linuxtopia.org/online_books/programming_books/thinking_in_java/TIJ305_024.htm

Answer 5

As other posters have said, it is a label, not a key word. Using labels allows you to do things like

outer: for(;;) {
   inner: for(;;) {
     break outer;
   }
}

This allows for breaking of the outer loop.

EDIT: With link to documentation

Answer 6

It's a label, though look at the following example:

int a = 0;
int b = 0
while (a<10){
    firstLoop:
    a++;
    while(true){
        b++
        if(b>10){
            break firstLoop;
        }
    }
 }

When b>10 the execution flow goes to the outer loop

Answer 7

That's not a keyword, it's a label. It's meant to be used with the break and continue keywords inside nested loops:

outer:
for(;;){
    inner:
    for(;;){
        if(){
            break inner; // ends inner loop
        } else {
            break outer; // ends outer loop
        }
    }
}

Answer 8

You could write almost anything, as it is a label... You have an example here

Answer 9

It is not a keyword, but a label. If inside the for loop you write break loop;, you exits that loop

Answer 10

The question is answered, but as a side note:

I have heard of interview questions a la "Why is this java code valid" (stripped the simpler example, here's the meaner one, thx Tim Büthe):

<!-- this line is just there to turn java syntax
     highlighting off, please ignore it, the real
     code starts below -->

url: http://www.myserver.com/myfile.mp3
downLoad(url);

Would you all know what this code is (apart from awful)?

Solution: two labels, url and http, a comment www.myserver.com/myfile.mp3 and a method call with a parameter that has the same name (url) as the label. Yup, this compiles (if you define the method call and the local variable elsewhere).

Answer 11

This is really a reply to seanizer's comment on org.life.java's answer, but I wanted to put in some code so I couldn't use the comment feature.

While it is very rare that I find a use for "break label", it does happen occassionally. The most common case is when I am searching for something that is in a structure requiring a nested loop to search, like:

search:
for (State state : stateList)
{
  for (City city : state.cityList)
  {
    if (city.zipcode.equals(wantZip))
    {
      doSomethingTo(city);
      break search;
    }
  }
}

Usually in such cases I push the whole thing into a subroutine so that on a hit I can return the found object, and if it falls out the bottom of the loop I can return null to indicate a not found, or maybe throw an exception. But this is occasionally useful.

Frankly, I think the inventors of Java included this feature because between this and exception handling, they eliminated the last two legitimate uses for GOTO.