The meaning of most nodes from mri's syntax tree can be easily infered. However the list is quite long (source: bin/parse_tree_abc):
:attrasgn, :attrset, :dasgn_curr, :iasgn, :lasgn, :masgn,
:and, :case, :else, :if, :iter, :or, :rescue, :until, :when, :while,
:call, :fcall, :super, :vcall, :yield,
:args, :argscat, :array, :begin, :block, :block_arg, :block_pass, :bool,
:cfunc, :colon2, :const, :cvar, :defined, :defn, :dregx, :dstr, :dvar,
:dxstr, :ensure, :false, :fbody, :gvar, :hash, :ivar, :lit, :long, :lvar,
:match2, :match3, :nil, :not, :nth_ref, :return, :scope, :self, :str,
:splat, :to_ary, :true, :unknown, :value, :void, :zarray, :zarray,
:zclass, :zsuper
Since Python's AST manipulation is a builtin library, its documentation is far better. Is there a place where all nodes from parse tree's syntax tree is documented?