Okay - after a bit of hard looking, and a lucky google, I have found out the answer to my own question.
To add a parameter (or several) to an XML tag you would use the 'soapvar' command like this :
$xmlvar = soapvar('<anyType xsi:type="InvoiceLine">'.$line_xml.'</anyType>',XSD_ANYXML)
This will produce the following xml :
<anyType xsi:type="InvoiceLine"><otherstuff>data</otherstuff></anyType>
So all well and good. Problem is with this appoach is that you need to be able to isolate the 'otherstuff' that goes in the middle of the tag sandwich - in this case it's the $line_xml variable. As long as you can do this, this approach seems to work just fine.