Java: Find and replace words/lines in a file

Question

I have a file (more specifically, a log4j configuration file) and I want to be able to read in the file and pick out certain lines in the code and replace them. For example, within the file there is a string of text that indicates the directory it is stored in, or the level of the logger. I want to be able to replace those string of text without reading in the file, writing it to another file, and deleting the original file. Is there a more efficient way of doing find and replace texts in a file using Java?

Here is an example of the text file I'm trying to work with:

log4j.rootLogger=DEBUG, A0

log4j.appender.A0=org.apache.log4j.RollingFileAppender
log4j.appender.A0.File=C:/log.txt
log4j.appender.A0.MaxFileSize=100KB
log4j.appender.A0.MaxBackupIndex=1

log4j.appender.A0.layout=org.apache.log4j.RollingFileAppender
log4j.appender.A0.layout.ConversionPattern=%-4r [%t] %-5p: %c %x - %m%n

I want to be able to read the file and replace 'DEBUG' with another level or replace the file directory name 'C:/log.txt'. The log configuration file is also written in xml. An example of that is featured below.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE log4j:configuration SYSTEM "log4j.dtd">
<log4j:configuration>
    <appender class="org.apache.log4j.RollingFileAppender" name="A0">
        <param name="append" value="false"/>
        <param name="File" value="C:/log/.txt"/>
        <param name="MaxBackupIndex" value="1"/>
        <param name="MaxFileSize" value="100KB"/>
        <layout class="org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout">
            <param name="ConversionPattern" value="%-4r [%t] %-5p: %c %x - %m%n"/>
        </layout>
    </appender>
    <root>
        <level value="DEBUG"/>
        <appender-ref ref="A0"/>
    </root>
</log4j:configuration>

I'm thinking it may be possible to use a hash map for this type of implementation?

Thanks!

Answer 1

You might want to use Scanner to parse through and find the specific sections you want to modify. There's also Split and StringTokenizer that may work, but at the level you're working at Scanner might be what's needed.

Here's some additional info on what the difference is between them: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/691184/scanner-vs-stringtokenizer-vs-string-split

Answer 2

You can use Java's Scanner class to parse words of a file and process them in your application, and then use a BufferedWriter or FileWriter to write back to the file, applying the changes.

I think there is a more efficient way of getting the iterator's position of the scanner at some point, in order to better implement editting. But since files are either open for reading, or writing, I'm not sure regarding that.

In any case, you can use libraries already available for parsing of XML files, which have all of this implemented already and will allow you to do what you want easily.

Answer 3

Any decent text editor has a search&replace facility that supports regular expressions.

If however, you have reason to reinvent the wheel in Java, you can do:

String content = IOUtils.toString(new FileInputStream(myfile), myencoding);
content = content.replaceAll(myPattern, myReplacement);
IOUtils.write(content, new FileOutputStream(myfile), myencoding);

You'll need to add error handling and close the streams after you are done with them.

IOUtils is documented at http://commons.apache.org/io/api-1.4/org/apache/commons/io/IOUtils.html

Answer 4

This is the sort of thing I'd normally use a scripting language for. It's very useful to have the ability to perform these sorts of transformations very simply using something like Ruby/Perl/Python (insert your favorite scripting language here).

I wouldn't normally use Java for this since it's too heavyweight in terms of development cycle/typing etc.

Note that if you want to be particular in manipulating XML, it's advisable to read the file as XML and manipulate it as such (the above scripting languages have very useful and simple APIs for doing this sort of work). A simple text search/replace can invalidate your file in terms of character encoding etc. As always, it depends on the complexity of your search/replace requirements.