I know similar questions have been asked before, but I think my solution is far simpler. Especially compared to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarjan's_off-line_least_common_ancestors_algorithm].
Please prove me wrong!
If you have a tree with nodes that have the given data structure:
struct node
{
node * left;
node * right;
node * parent;
int key;
}
You could write a function like this:
node* LCA(node* m, node* n)
{
// determine which of the nodes is the leftmost
node* left = null;
node* right = null;
if (m->key < n->key)
{
left = m;
right = n;
}
else
{
left = n;
right = m;
}
// start at the leftmost of the two nodes,
// keep moving up the tree until the parent is greater than the right key
while (left->parent && left->parent->key < right->key)
{
left = left->parent;
}
return left;
}
This code is pretty straightforward and worst case is O(n), average case it is probably O(logn), especially if the tree is balanced (where n is the number of nodes in the tree).