How do I set Java's min and max heap size through environment variables?

Question

How do I set Java's min and max heap size through environment variables?

I know that the heap sizes can be set when launching java, but I would like to have this adjusted through environment variables on my server.

Answer 1

You can't do it using environment variables. It's done via "non standard" options. Run: java -X for details. The options you're looking for are -Xmx and -Xms (this is "initial" heap size, so probably what you're looking for.)

Answer 2

I think your only option is to wrap java in a script that substitutes the environment variables into the command line

Answer 3

You can't do it using environment variables directly. You need to use the set of "non standard" options that are passed to the java command. Run: java -X for details. The options you're looking for are -Xmx and -Xms (this is "initial" heap size, so probably what you're looking for.)

Some products like Ant or Tomcat might come with a batch script that looks for the JAVA_OPTS environment variable, but it's not part of the Java runtime. If you are using one of those products, you may be able to set the variable like:

set JAVA_OPTS="-Xms128m -Xmx256m"

You can also take this approach with your own command line like:

set JAVA_OPTS="-Xms128m -Xmx256m"
java ${JAVA_OPTS} MyClass

Answer 4

Is there a max. size you can set Xmx to? I set it to 1024m and eclipse opens ok. When I set it above 1024, eclipse doesn't open and I get the error "jvm terminated. Exit code=-1"... I was doing this because I keep getting an "java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space". I am reading in a 35.5Mb .txt file and this error occurs when it's just reading in the file using the "while((line = reader.readLine()) != null)" loop. I would have thought that 1024mb would have been enough. Can anyone help me?

Answer 5

A couple of notes:

1. Apache ant doesn't know anything about JAVA_OPTS, while Tomcat's startup scripts do. For Apache ant, use ANT_OPTS to affect the environment for the JVM that runs /ant/, but not for the things that ant might launch.

2. The maximum heap size you can set depends entirely on the environment: for most 32-bit systems, the maximum amount of heap space you can request, regardless of available memory, is in the 2GiB range. The largest heap on a 64-bit system is "really big". Also, you are practically limited by physical memory as well, since the heap is managed by the JVM and you don't want a lot of swapping going on to the disk.

3. For server environments, you typically want to set -Xms and -Xmx to the same value: this will fix the size of the heap at a certain size and the garbage collector has less work to do because the heap will never have to be re-sized.