I am curious to know how the incoming bits at the physical layer are properly framed and sent to the data link layer. How the OS deal with this process.
It would be grateful if you explained it in detail or give me some links/pdf.
I am interested to know in depth about Layer 1 and 2 operations.
Advance Thanks.
The physical layer depends on your hardware. You're probably connected via ethernet, see here. The operating system doesn't do a lot here, it's mostly left up to the network card and the device drivers written by the card's manufacturer.
The good thing about today, is you seldom have to remember anything but Google. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet
However, the question is NOT about the physical layer as that is really the wires and interfaces for the wires; hence physical connections. His questions addresses the Data-Link layer in OSI Model terms.
As Ethernet Does not match the OSI model and the fact that the OSI model is a strategic rather than a tactical model, in Ethernet terms you are interested in the 802.3 MAC Frame. But then as Ethernet is old, there are actually a several of different EtherTypes.