How does SSL really work?

Question

How does SSL work?

Where is the certificate installed on the client (or browser?) and the server (or web server?)?

How does the trust/encryption/authentication process start when you enter the URL into the browser and get the page from the server?

How does the HTTPS protocol recognize the certificate? Why can't HTTP work with certificates when it is the certificates which do all the trust/encryption/authentication work?

Answer 1

This question is basically a duplicate of http://stackoverflow.com/questions/188266/how-are-ssl-certificates-verified