Why does the browser renders a newline as space?

Question

Hello.

For the longest time, I have wanted to understand why the browser adds an empty space between rendered HTML elements when there is a NewLine between them, for example:

<span>Hello</span><span>World</span>

The html above will output the “HelloWorld” string without a space between “Hello” and “World”, however in the following example:

<span>Hello</span>
<span>World</span>

The html above will output a “Hello World” string with a space between “Hello” and “World”.

Now, I have no problem accepting that this is just the way it works period, but the thing that bugs me a little is that I was always under the impression that spaces (or newlines) between the html elements would not matter at the time when the browser rendered the html to the user.

So my question is if anyone knows what the philosophical or technical reason behind this behavior.

Thank you.

Answer 1

Browsers condense multiple whitespace characters (including newlines) to a single space when rendering. The only exception is within <pre> elements or those that have the CSS property white-space: pre set. (Or in XHTML, the xml:space="preserve" attribute.)

Answer 2

If you had the character 'a' between two tags, you would expect it to get rendered. In this case, you have a character '\n' between two tags; the behaviour is analogous, and consistent ('\n' is rendered as a single whitespace).

Answer 3

HTML is specified to do it like that:

Line breaks are also white space characters

http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/struct/text.html#h-9.1

Answer 4

Whitespace between block elements are ignored. However, whitespaces between inline elements are transformed into one space. The reasoning is that inline elements might be interspersed with regular inner text of the parent element.

Consider the following example:

<p>This is my colored <span class="red_text">Hello</span> <span class="blue_text">World</span> example</p>

In the ideal case, you want the user to see

This is my colored Hello World example

Removing the whitespace between the two spans however would result in:

This is my colored HelloWorld example

But that same sample can be rewritten by an author (with OCD about the HTML formatting :-)) as:

<p>
  This is my colored
  <span class="red_text">Hello</span>
  <span class="blue_text">World</span>
  example
</p>

It would be better if this was rendered consistently with the previous example.

Answer 5

Browsers make a mistake here:

http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/appendix/notes.html#h-B.3.1

SGML (see [ISO8879], section 7.6.1) specifies that a line break immediately following a start tag must be ignored, as must a line break immediately before an end tag. This applies to all HTML elements without exception.